Episode 5: Pamela Ambrose and Ena Heller

02:25

The Gallery at the American Bible Society was established in 1998 as an exhibition space dedicated solely to art inspired by the Bible. The Gallery’s exhibitions ranged from the history of the Holy Land to 20th-century Guatemalan and Peruvian folk art; from Romanov icons to contemporary Biblical art; and from medieval and Renaissance sculpture to African-American quilts.

The gallery was succeeded in May 2005 by the Museum of Biblical Art (MOBIA). Located in New York City's Columbus Circle, MOBIA’s mission was to “celebrate and interpret art inspired by the Bible and its cultural legacy in Jewish and Christian traditions through exhibitions, education and scholarship.” MOBIA closed in 2015.

02:35

The Loyola University Museum of Art (LUMA) was founded in 2005 on the Water Tower Campus of Loyola University Chicago. LUMA is located on the Magnificent Mile in Lewis Towers, a historic 1926 Gothic Revival building. According to its mission statement, LUMA “reflects the University’s Jesuit identity and is dedicated to helping people of all creeds to explore their faith and spiritual quest. . . .  The Museum interprets and displays the University’s medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque collection, known as the Martin D'Arcy Collection, other museum permanent collections, and rotating exhibitions.”

04:45

Learn more about the D’Arcy Collection.

06:45

Visit the exhibition website for Sacred Geometry and Secular Science.

08:25

Heller refers to two exhibitions. The first, The Body of Christ in the Art of Europe and New Spain, 1150-1800, was held in 1997 at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Find a copy of the accompanying catalog on WorldCat.

The second was held at the National Gallery, London, in 2000. Curated by Neil MacGregor and titled The Image of Christ, it explored works in the National Gallery’s own collection and was accompanied by a richly illustrated catalog. MacGregor hosted a related BBC television series titled “Seeing Salvation,” also broadcast in 2000 and accompanied by a book of the same title.

11:45

The Graduate Theological Union is a consortium of nine member schools in Berkeley, California. Faculty members such as John Dillenberger, Jane Daggett Dillenberger, and Peter Selz, established a pioneering Art and Religion program that emphasized the interdisciplinary study of faith traditions and the arts.

12:55

Precious: An American Cottage Industry of the Eighties, was an exhibition organized in 1985 by Thomas Sokolowski for the Grey Art Gallery of New York University. Brief discussions of the exhibition can be found online at New York Magazine and Christian Science Monitor.

Exit Art was founded in 1982 by Jeanette Ingberman and Papo Colo as an interdisciplinary cultural center that presented innovative exhibitions, films and performances. Exit Art emphasized contemporary issues and ideas experimental forms of expression and emerging, under-recognized, mid-career and international artists. Exit Art closed on May 31, 2012.

16:20

The Vatican Collections: The Papacy in Art was shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1982. The accompanying catalog can be downloaded as a free PDF. Additional information about the papacy, the Vatican, and art can be explored on the Met website.

19:00

Andy Warhol’s floating Silver Clouds (1966) were shown at MOCRA in 2001, 2002, and 2006, and shown at LUMA in 2008.

27:15

Heller is likely referring to the exhibition The Word on the Street: The Photography of Larry Racioppo.

28:50

29:25

The recognition that today's audiences often need help decoding religious art of the past was directly addressed by the exhibition The Image of Christ and the “Seeing Salvation” series. See discussion at 6:45 above.

35:30

MOCRA’s mission statement reads,

Saint Louis University’s Museum of Contemporary Religious Art is the first museum to bring an interfaith focus to contemporary art.

Through exhibitions, collections and educational programs, MOCRA highlights and explore the ways contemporary visual artists engage the religious and spiritual dimensions. MOCRA serves the diverse Saint Louis University community, and the wider public, by facilitating personal discovery, experience, and inspiration, while contributing to a wider culture of interfaith encounter and dialogue.

36:20

The exhibition Art of the Invisible was presented in 1977 at Bede Gallery, in Jarrow, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom. It was later staged in at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London as The Art of the Invisible: the spiritual in art - the art of the spiritual. It included works by William Blake, Piet Mondrian and Wassily Kandinsky, among others. (Coincidentally, an unrelated exhibition titled Invisible: Art about the Unseen, 1957–2012 was presented at the Hayward Gallery, London, in 2012. Read a review from The Guardian here.

The Spiritual in Art: Abstract Painting 1890-1985 was mounted at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) in 1986. The exhibition sought to show how one current in abstract art that thrived in the early twentieth century—concern for the spiritual, including references to popular belief systems such as Theosophy and Rosicrucianism—was eclipsed but not completely extinguished. 

Kasimir Malevich (1878–1935) was a Russian painter, designer, and art theoretician, and a leading pioneer of abstract art. He is perhaps best known for the development of a style of severe geometric abstraction he called Suprematism.

Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), like Malevich, was born in Russia, but worked primarily outside of his homeland. He was a painter, printmaker, stage designer, decorative artist and theorist, and was a central figure in the transition from representational to abstract art. In 1911, Kandinsky published a theoretical treatise titled Concerning the Spiritual in Art (also translated as On the Spiritual in Art). His concerns range beyond the purely visual to encompass music and poetry; among the concepts he proposes is a double effect of color: a purely physical effect on the eye, and a deeper effect causing a vibration of the soul or an “inner resonance.” He compares the spiritual life of humanity to a pyramid; the artist has a mission to lead others to the pinnacle with his work, and only the greatest of artists reach those heights. Kandinsky was influenced in his thought by Theosophy, a philosophical-religious system popularized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Madame Blavatsky. Read a lecture by art critic Donald Cuspit reflecting on Kandinsky’s treatise .

38:20

James Elkins teaches at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. His book On the Strange Place of Religion in Contemporary Art was published in 2004. Watch a video of Elkin discussing the book.

39:20

This well-known 1955 painting by Salvador Dalí is titled The Sacrament of the Last Supper. Download a PDF from the National Gallery discussing the work.

The phrase ex opere operato is a Latin phrase drawn from Catholic sacramental theology. Meaning “from the work done,” it indicates the belief that the efficacy of a sacrament derives from the action of the sacrament and not from the merits or holiness of the priest or minister performing the sacrament.

41:35

The Royal Alberta Museum mounted an exhibition in 2000 titled Anno Domini: Jesus Through the Centuries. Also see the discussion of Seeing Salvation above, at 6:45.

42:25

The exhibition Caravaggio: The Final Years was shown at the National Gallery, London, in 2005. Read an article about the exhibition from The Guardian.

The exhibition The Sacred Made Real, a “landmark reappraisal of religious art from the Spanish Golden Age with works created to shock the senses and stir the soul,” was shown at the National Gallery, London, in 2009. Download the exhibition guide here.

The Missing Peace is a touring exhibition that was shown at LUMA in 2006. See images from the LUMA installation here. One of the works in The Missing Peace, Lewis deSoto’s Paranirvana, was shown at MOCRA in 2000.

Passion in Venice: Crivelli to Tintoretto and Veronese was shown at MOBIA in 2011. The exhibition considered the ongoing conventions and artistic permutations of the visual presentation of Christ as the Man of Sorrows. Read a New York Times review of the exhibition.

Tobi Kahn: Sacred Spaces for the 21st Century was presented at MOBIA in 2009. The exhibition featured paintings and sculptures that bridge public and private spaces, suitable both for artistic enjoyment and liturgical ritual. A catalog accompanied the exhibition.

Tobi Kahn has been the subject of two solo exhibitions at MOCRA (Metamorphoses in 1998 and Avoda: Objects of the Spirit in 2003) and several of his works are in the MOCRA collection. Visit Tobi Kahn's website here.

Installation view of Consecrations: The Spiritual in Art in the Time of AIDS at MOCRA, 1994. Photo by Cheryl Ungar.

Consecrations: The Spiritual in Art in the Time of AIDS was organized and curated by MOCRA Director Terrence Dempsey, S.J., and presented at MOCRA in 1994. The exhibition brought MOCRA wide acclaim and notice in the art world and the general public.